Privacy is needed in the crypto space Yet, high fee and the lack of programmability have become a burden of many ZK-apps . Along with $TIA & @Polygon (Labs) zkEVM, Manta will provide the scalability & lower fees needed for zk-app. A digestible research on @Manta Network (🔱,🔱) #MantaNewParadigm

1/ In this thread, I will cover: Why do we need on-chain privacy? What is Manta Pacific? The core piece of Manta, Universal Circuit ZK shuffle The role of Celestia and Polygon zkevm Manta Ecosystem & Roadmap $Manta airdrop Conclusion Let's dive in now

2/ Why do we need on-chain privacy? Public blockchains are known for their transparency and for enabling transactions without intermediaries. While this is crucial, privacy is still demanded by users/institution who don't wish their on-chain activities to be an "open-book."

3/ Example Imagine a company processing its payroll on the blockchain, where every employee can see everyone else's salary. Doesn't sound that attractive at all, right ? Therefore, it is clear that on-chain privacy will play an important role in achieving mass adoption.

4/ To achieve on-chain privacy, a lot of protocol used zk-SNARKs and HE in the space. Yet, ZK-apps often face the issues with programmability and integration, leading to high gas costs and suboptimal performance even with successful deployment.

5/ What is Manta Pacific? To address these issues, @Manta Network (🔱,🔱) #MantaNewParadigm built a a modular EVM-native L2 that introduced: Universal circuits Celestia as DA & Polygon zkevm as Scaling Programmable zk for easier zk-apps development + lower fee within EVM environment.

6/ Universal Circuit A circuit is a special function within a zk-smart contract that generates ZKP for the computations it carries out. Yet, Building zk-app + circuit nowadays faces 3 major challenges cont...

7/ Challenges include : > Need to learn a new language if the zk-app runs on a new VM > Lack of tools for quick and easy zk-apps deployment > Limited programmability of the application layer in some privacy networks.

8/ With Universal Circuit, the "toolkit" abstracts away the complexity by streamlining the process of implementing / learning zk applications. It also enable Ssolidity developers to easily integrate zk-function into their EVM smart contracts via Manta interface contract or SDK

9/ ZK shuffle One example usecases of Universal Circuit is zk shuffle. zk-shuffle can create a system, aka "mental poker" model to ensures that games are fair without the need for trusting any 3rd party with ZKP, while emphasising on the reduction of cost on ETH.

10/ Before Universal circuit, building a zk-shuffle requires: Manual circuit building Conversion between languages like Rust <> Solidity After Universal circuit, developers can integrate zk-shuffle functionality into their Solidity SC with a few line of code via Manta SDK

11/ By streamlining the development process of zk-apps / zk-shuffles with the Universal Circuit and Manta SDK, @Manta Network (🔱,🔱) #MantaNewParadigm can simplifies the deployment and building of zk-apps, paving itself to potentially become a hub for zk-apps in the future.

12/ The role of Celestia and Polygon zkevm Before going further, It's important to understand what is $TIA & zkevm First, Celestia is a modular DA & consensus layer designed to alleviate the burden on L2 by handling data verification with "DAS" & "NMTs" Dig deeper here

13/ On the other hand, zkevm simply means generating ZKP for EVM transactions using zk-snark . In which, Polygon CDK is a live development kit that enable Manta to create a modular and sovereign framework to meet their needs for a customizable and flexible zk-EVM L2 .

14/ As celestia's gas fees for call-data settlement are sub-linear instead of linear in ETH (Because of DAS), Manta leverages Celestia for its DA services to reduce gas fee when user interacting with manta app, meeting manta's need for scalability and a ZK-dapp ecosystem.

15/ Whereas, polygon CDK will play an important role in assisting Manta's transition to zkEVM in the 2nd quarter of 2024 First reason to use CDK is that generating fraud proof in CDK relies on purely math , rather than economic incentives like slashing for security guarantees

16/ Second thing is that Manta aims to tap into the interoperability of blockspace and the liquidity of other chains built with the CDK by joining a shared and trustless zkBridge to ETH. Hence, achieving a seamless L2-to-L2 txs experience in the future.

17/ Lastly, Manta may adopt a multi-prover system that will integrate with Polygon's provers as it transits into full zkEVM environment Thereby, Manta can benefit from the decentralisation of proof-generation while reducing the cost of proof verification, along with celestia

18/ In a nutshell Manta will leverage Celestia as their DA layer to offer cheaper gas fees when users interact with dApps Whereas, using Polygon CDK to aid Manta to transit to a fully zkEVM environment and tap into the interoperability and liquidity with L2s within EVM

19/ Manta Ecosystem Some of the native Dapps on Manta include: - Dex: @Aperture Finance : An intent-based Uni v3 @PacificSwap | Native liquidity layer on Manta : ve 3,3 + launchpad + CLAMM - Gaming: @zkHoldem.eth🃏, Poker game built with zkshuffle & HE @Zypher Games, fully onchain casino powerd by ZKP & AI cont..

20/ - DID: @POMP - Proof Of My Possessions: Privacy focus asset verifier - Lending: @LayerBank: omnichain money market - Perps Dex: @KiloEx: Cross-chain user-friendly perps DEX & risk-neutral positions @Realperp | Manta's First Perpetual DEX: GMX v1 fork with up to 50x leverage cont..

21/ - LST: @StakeStone: Omnichain staking solution -CDP: @Goku Money: Overcollateralized stablecoin, GAI - NFT DEX: @EZswap: Multi-Chain NFT DEX & Inscription Marketplace And many more...

22/ Manta Roadmap Manta will embark on its journey to zkevm L2 via 4 phases: Stage Manta Pacific launched It's mainnet Alpha in Sep 2023, featuring the first generation of the universal circuit At this stage, Manta is still an Optimistic Rollup that use ETH as DA.

23/ Stage : Manta will integrate Celestia as its modular DA layer to reduce the gas fees required for interactions with Manta dApps. Stage : Manta will fully transition to zkEVM and develop the multi-prover framework by leveraging Polygon's CDK for better scalability.

24/ Stage : Lastly, Manta will further refine its universal circuit to achieve even lower gas fees, aka making "Universal circuit 2.0" They will integrate additional ZK schemes to support more use cases, fully embracing its vision of becoming the central hub for zk-apps .

25/ $Manta airdrop Currently, there is a 50M $MANTA airdrop campaign to incentivize users to use the bridge and play around on Manta's ecosystem. I believe @Lady of Crypto explained the farming strategies way better than I can. Check it out

26/ Conclusion Manta is well positioned as the hub for zk-apps with universal circuit & it's modular design to enable a programmable , low-cost and easy zk-app deployment system ecosystem. With that being said, the real traction is yet to be seen after the airdrop campaign.

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